Section 1: Multiple Choice (25 Questions)
Suggested Time: 35 Minutes
Instructions: Read each question carefully and choose the best answer from the options provided. Mark your answer clearly. Each question is worth 1 point.
Which of the following Puritan beliefs is most reflected in Jonathan Edwards's sermon 'Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God'?
The Enlightenment, or Age of Reason, significantly influenced American writers like Benjamin Franklin. Which of the following is a core principle of this period?
Which characteristic best defines American Romanticism, as seen in works by authors like Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper?
Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay 'Self-Reliance' is a cornerstone of American Transcendentalism. What is its central message?
What was the primary goal of the Realist movement in American literature?
Naturalism, an offshoot of Realism, often emphasized which of the following themes?
Which of the following is a defining characteristic of American Modernist literature (early 20th century)?
Jonathan Edwards was a key figure during which significant religious revival in colonial America?
Who authored 'Poor Richard's Almanack' and is considered a prime example of the American Enlightenment ideal of the self-made man?
Nathaniel Hawthorne, a Romantic author with Dark Romantic leanings, is best known for exploring themes of sin, guilt, and hypocrisy in Puritan society in which novel?
Which collection of poems, by Walt Whitman, revolutionized American poetry with its free verse and celebration of democracy, individualism, and the common man?
Mark Twain is considered the father of American literature and a key Realist author. His novel that satirizes societal norms and explores themes of racism and freedom along the Mississippi River is:
The 'Lost Generation' writers, such as Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald, often expressed what sentiment in their works?
F. Scott Fitzgerald's 'The Great Gatsby' is a quintessential Modernist novel that critiques which aspects of American society in the 1920s?
Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense' was highly effective in galvanizing public opinion for the American Revolution primarily due to its use of:
Henry David Thoreau's 'Civil Disobedience' advocates for which core principle?
Edgar Allan Poe, a prominent figure in Dark Romanticism, is known for his mastery of what literary elements?
Stephen Crane's 'Maggie: A Girl of the Streets' is an example of Naturalism because it primarily explores:
Which theme is central to many works by Modernist authors like T.S. Eliot and Ezra Pound?
Which of the following historical events significantly influenced the shift from Romanticism to Realism in American literature?
Imagism, a poetic movement influential during Modernism, emphasized:
The Harlem Renaissance was a significant cultural movement that involved:
In colonial American literature, why is the influence of Puritanism so pervasive?
Although written in the 20th century, Arthur Miller's play, which uses the Salem Witch Trials as an allegory for McCarthyism, reflects themes rooted in colonial Puritan society. What is the play's title?
What was a primary aim of Western Realism, as exemplified by authors like Bret Harte?
Section 2: Short Answer/Identification (5 Questions)
Suggested Time: 15 Minutes
Instructions: Answer each question concisely but completely. Aim for 2-4 sentences for each answer. Each question is worth 3 points.
Define the 'Cult of Domesticity' and briefly explain how it influenced the portrayal of women in American literature during the 19th century.
What is Regionalism (or local color), and name one author who exemplifies this movement, providing a representative work if possible.
Explain how the concept of the 'American Dream' evolves or is critiqued in Modernist literature, compared to earlier periods.
Who were the 'Fireside Poets,' and what were two defining characteristics of their work?
Briefly explain the core philosophical tenets of American Transcendentalism and how they encouraged individualism.
Rhetorical Analysis Passage: Patrick Henry's 'Speech to the Virginia Convention'
Mr. President, it is natural to man to indulge in the illusions of hope. We are apt to shut our eyes against a painful truth, and listen to the song of that siren till she transforms us into beasts. Is this the part of wise men, engaged in a great and arduous struggle for liberty? Are we disposed to be of the number of those who, having eyes, see not, and, having ears, hear not, the things which so nearly concern their temporal salvation? For my part, whatever anguish of spirit it may cost, I am willing to know the whole truth; to know the worst, and to provide for it.
I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided; and that is the lamp of experience. I know of no way of judging of the future but by the past. And judging by the past, I wish to know what there has been in the conduct of the British ministry for the last ten years, to justify those hopes with which gentlemen have been pleased to solace themselves, and the House. Is it that insidious smile with which our petition has been lately received? Trust it not, sir; it will prove a snare to your feet. Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss. Ask yourselves how this gracious reception of our petition comports with those warlike preparations which cover our waters and darken our land. Are fleets and armies necessary to a work of love and reconciliation? Have we shown ourselves so unwilling to be reconciled that force must be resorted to to win back our love? Let us not deceive ourselves, sir. These are the implements of war and subjugation; the last arguments to which kings resort.
I ask gentlemen, sir, what means this martial array, if its purpose be not to force us to submission? Can gentlemen assign any other possible motive for it? Has Great Britain any enemy, in this quarter of the world, to call for all this accumulation of navies and armies? No, sir, she has none. They are meant for us: they can be meant for no other. They are sent over to bind and rivet upon us those chains which the British ministry have been so long forging. And what have we to oppose to them? Shall we try argument? Sir, we have been trying that for the last ten years. Have we anything new to offer upon the subject? Nothing. We have held the subject up in every light of which it is capable; but it has been all in vain. Shall we resort to entreaty and humble supplication? What terms shall we find which have not been already exhausted? Let us not, I beseech you, sir, deceive ourselves. Sir, we have done everything that could be done to avert the storm which is now coming on. We have petitioned; we have remonstrated; we have supplicated; we have prostrated ourselves before the throne, and have implored its interposition to arrest the tyrannical hands of the ministry and Parliament. Our petitions have been slighted; our remonstrances have produced additional violence and insult; our supplications have been disregarded; and we have been spurned, with contempt, from the foot of the throne. In vain, after these things, may we indulge the fond hope of peace and reconciliation. There is no longer any room for hope. If we wish to be free—if we mean to preserve inviolate those inestimable privileges for which we have been so long contending—if we mean not basely to abandon the noble struggle in which we have been so long engaged, and which we have pledged ourselves never to abandon until the glorious object of our contest shall be obtained, we must fight! I repeat it, sir, we must fight! An appeal to arms and to the God of Hosts is all that is left us!
They tell us, sir, that we are weak; unable to cope with so formidable an adversary. But when shall we be stronger? Will it be the next week, or the next year? Will it be when we are totally disarmed, and when a British guard shall be stationed in every house? Shall we gather strength by irresolution and inaction? Shall we acquire the means of effectual resistance by lying supinely on our backs and hugging the delusive phantom of hope, until our enemies shall have bound us hand and foot? Sir, we are not weak if we make a proper use of those means which the God of nature hath placed in our power. The millions of people, armed in the holy cause of liberty, and in such a country as that which we possess, are invincible by any force which our enemy can send against us. Besides, sir, we shall not fight our battles alone. There is a just God who presides over the destinies of nations; and who will raise up friends to fight our battles for us. The battle, sir, is not to the strong alone; it is to the vigilant, the active, the brave. Besides, sir, we have no election. If we were base enough to desire it, it is now too late to retire from the contest. There is no retreat but in submission and slavery! Our chains are forged! Their clanking may be heard on the plains of Boston! The war is inevitable—and let it come! I repeat it, sir, let it come!
It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Gentlemen may cry, Peace, Peace—but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!
Section 3: Rhetorical Analysis Essay (AP Style)
Suggested Time: 40 Minutes
Instructions: Read the passage below carefully. Then, write an essay in which you analyze the rhetorical choices Patrick Henry makes to achieve his purpose of persuading the Virginia Convention to declare independence and prepare for war. In your analysis, discuss how Henry's use of rhetorical appeals, literary devices, and organizational structure contributes to the force and impact of his message.
Section 4: Argumentative Research Paper Proposal/Outline (1 Question)
Suggested Time: 30 Minutes
Instructions: Choose ONE of the following topics. On a separate sheet of paper, create a detailed proposal/outline for an argumentative research paper. Your outline must include:
- A clear and arguable thesis statement.
- At least three distinct main arguments/claims that support your thesis, each with a brief elaboration (1-2 sentences) of how it contributes to your overall argument.
- Specific literary works or authors (at least two per main argument, if applicable) that could serve as primary evidence for your claims.
- A brief acknowledgment of a potential counterargument and how you might address it.
Choose ONE Topic:
Topic 1: Individualism Across American Literary Periods Analyze the evolution and impact of individualism as a recurring theme in American literature from the Transcendentalist era through the Modernist period. Argue whether the portrayal of individualism consistently celebrates freedom and self-reliance, or if it increasingly reveals its potential for isolation and disillusionment.
Topic 2: The American Dream in Crisis Discuss how the concept of the 'American Dream' is presented, challenged, or dismantled in American literature from the late 19th century (Realism/Naturalism) through Modernism. Argue to what extent these literary movements reflect a growing disillusionment with the attainability and moral integrity of the American Dream.