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Which of the following was a primary goal of Progressive Era reformers like Jane Addams?

Select one option

Promoting laissez-faire economic policies

Expanding imperialistic ambitions abroad

Addressing social problems caused by industrialization and urbanization

Advocating for strict adherence to traditional gender roles

Muckrakers contributed to the Progressive Movement by:

Select one option

Operating charitable organizations for the poor.

Exposing corruption and social injustices through journalism.

Leading military campaigns against foreign powers.

Advocating for the elimination of labor unions.

The 16th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified during the Progressive Era, authorized the federal government to:

Select one option

Prohibit the sale of alcoholic beverages.

Grant women the right to vote.

Impose an income tax.

Establish direct election of senators.

The cultural explosion of African American art, music, and literature in the 1920s, centered in a New York City neighborhood, is known as the:

Select one option

Beat Generation

Harlem Renaissance

Jazz Age Revival

Gilded Age

Fear of communism and anarchism following World War I led to a period of intense anti-radical hysteria in the United States known as the:

Select one option

Great Migration

Red Scare

Second Industrial Revolution

Progressive Era

Prohibition, enacted by the 18th Amendment, resulted in:

Select one option

A significant decrease in organized crime.

Widespread social reform and moral uplift.

The rise of speakeasies and an increase in illegal alcohol production.

A booming legitimate alcohol industry.

Which environmental factor contributed significantly to the 'Dust Bowl' phenomenon during the Great Depression?

Select one option

Excessive rainfall and flooding in the Midwest.

Periods of severe drought and poor farming practices.

Rapid industrial pollution of agricultural lands.

Massive volcanic eruptions in the western states.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal programs aimed to achieve all of the following EXCEPT:

Select one option

Provide relief to those suffering from the economic crisis.

Promote economic recovery.

Implement reforms to prevent future depressions.

Dismantle the federal government's role in the economy.

Huey Long's 'Share Our Wealth' program was a critical response to the New Deal, advocating for:

Select one option

Less government intervention in the economy.

A national sales tax to fund public works.

A radical redistribution of wealth through heavy taxation on the rich.

Increased military spending to stimulate the economy.

10.

Before officially entering World War II, the United States aided Great Britain and other Allied nations through the:

Select one option

Dawes Plan

Marshall Plan

Lend-Lease Act

Kellogg-Briand Pact

11.

The Supreme Court case of Korematsu v. United States (1944) upheld the constitutionality of:

Select one option

Rationing during wartime.

Japanese American internment camps.

The draft for military service.

Freedom of speech during wartime protests.

12.

The immediate cause of the United States' entry into World War II was:

Select one option

The German invasion of Poland.

The Battle of Britain.

The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

The sinking of the Lusitania.

13.

The Truman Doctrine was primarily designed to:

Select one option

Promote economic cooperation with the Soviet Union.

Provide economic and military aid to countries threatened by communism.

Establish a global peacekeeping organization.

Encourage decolonization in Africa and Asia.

14.

The term 'McCarthyism' is most closely associated with:

Select one option

A policy of nuclear disarmament.

Economic prosperity following World War II.

A period of intense anti-communist suspicion and accusations in the 1950s.

Efforts to promote civil rights for African Americans.

15.

The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 was resolved by:

Select one option

A full-scale U.S. invasion of Cuba.

The Soviet Union establishing a permanent military base in Cuba.

A U.S. naval blockade and secret negotiations to remove Soviet missiles from Cuba in exchange for U.S. missile removal from Turkey and a promise not to invade Cuba.

United Nations intervention and a global ceasefire agreement.

16.

The Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) directly challenged the principle of:

Select one option

Separate but equal.

Affirmative action.

States' rights in education.

Judicial review.

17.

Martin Luther King Jr.'s philosophy of civil rights activism was primarily based on:

Select one option

Armed self-defense and black nationalism.

Nonviolent civil disobedience.

Separate economic development.

Boycotts targeting only federal institutions.

18.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark piece of legislation that:

Select one option

Ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Granted women the right to vote.

Established a federal minimum wage.

Created the Department of Homeland Security.

Document-Based Question: Government and Social Change in 20th Century America

Directions: This question asks you to analyze the extent to which government policies and social movements shaped American society from the Progressive Era through the Civil Rights Movement. Use the documents and your knowledge of United States history to construct your response.

Document 1: Excerpt from Theodore Roosevelt's 'New Nationalism' Speech (1910) "We are face to face with new conceptions of the relations of property to human welfare, chiefly because certain advocates of the rights of property as against the rights of men have been pushing their claims too far. The man who wrongly holds that every human right is secondary to his profit must now give way to the advocate of human welfare, who rightly maintains that every man holds his property subject to the general right of the community to regulate its use to whatever degree the public welfare may require it. I mean not merely to prevent license and wrongdoing, but to bring about conditions which will enable all our citizens to have a fair chance."

Document 2: U.S. Unemployment Rates (1929-1941) - Data Description (A hypothetical line graph showing U.S. unemployment rates from 1929 to 1941. It depicts a sharp rise from approximately 3% in 1929 to a peak of around 25% in 1933, followed by a gradual decline, fluctuating between 15-20% through the mid-1930s, and then a more significant drop to below 10% by 1941, coinciding with the eve of U.S. entry into WWII.)

Document 3: Excerpt from Franklin D. Roosevelt's 'Four Freedoms' Speech (1941) "In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expression—everywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way—everywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want—which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants—everywhere in the world. The fourth is freedom from fear—which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor—anywhere in the world."

Document 4: Excerpt from George F. Kennan's 'Long Telegram' (1946) "In summary, we have here a political force committed fanatically to the belief that with U.S. there can be no permanent modus vivendi, that it is desirable and necessary that the internal harmony of our society be disrupted, our traditional way of life destroyed, the international authority of our state broken, if Soviet power is to be secure. This political force has complete power over one of the greatest peoples of the world and is supported by the highly developed apparatus of secret police. It is a doctrine which has gained wide acceptance because it has so well fitted into the psychological needs of the people. This is the background of the present Soviet behavior."

Document 5: Excerpt from Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'Letter from Birmingham Jail' (1963) "We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed. Frankly, I have yet to engage in a direct action campaign that was 'well timed' in the view of those who have not suffered unduly from the disease of segregation. For years now I have heard the word 'Wait!' It rings in the ear of every Negro with piercing familiarity. This 'Wait' has almost always meant 'Never.' We must come to see with the distinguished jurist of yesterday that 'justice too long delayed is justice denied.'"

Using the documents and your knowledge of U.S. history, evaluate the extent to which government policies and social movements shaped American society from the Progressive Era (early 1900s) through the Civil Rights Movement (mid-1960s). In your response, consider historical context, audience, purpose, and/or point of view for at least three of the documents.

19.

20.

Choose ONE of the following prompts and write a well-organized argumentative essay.

Prompt 1: Compare and contrast the strategies and goals of TWO of the following social movements in the United States during the period 1900-1970:

Women's Suffrage Movement
Great Depression-era Labor Movement
Civil Rights Movement

21.

Choose ONE of the following prompts and write a well-organized argumentative essay.

Prompt 2: Evaluate the extent to which American foreign policy goals and strategies changed or remained consistent from the end of World War I (1918) to the end of the Cold War (1991). In your response, consider different interpretations of American involvement in global affairs during this period.

22.

Choose ONE of the following prompts and write a well-organized argumentative essay.

Prompt 3: Analyze the impact of economic crises on the role of the federal government in American society from the Great Depression (1929) through the 1960s.