Which Enlightenment philosopher proposed the idea that all people are born with 'natural rights,' including life, liberty, and property?
The Enlightenment idea of 'separation of powers' in government was primarily advocated by which of the following thinkers?
Which Enlightenment philosopher is best known for his concept of the 'social contract' and the idea that government should be guided by the 'general will' of the people?
Which of the following best describes a core belief of the Enlightenment?
The Enlightenment economist who argued for a free market system with minimal government interference, outlined in his book 'The Wealth of Nations,' was:
A major cause of the French Revolution was the:
Which event is traditionally considered the start of the French Revolution?
The radical phase of the French Revolution, known as the Reign of Terror, was largely led by:
What document, adopted in August 1789, proclaimed that all male citizens were equal before the law?
Who seized power in France and brought an end to the French Revolution, establishing himself as Emperor?
The Industrial Revolution began in which country?
Which of the following was a key innovation that led to the growth of mass production during the Industrial Revolution?
The rapid growth of cities as people moved from rural areas to find work in factories is known as:
How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to the rise of Imperialism?
A common social problem that arose in industrial cities during the Industrial Revolution was:
Which of the following was a major economic motivation for European imperialism in the 19th century?
The rapid division and colonization of Africa by European powers during the late 19th century is known as the:
Which ideology was often used to justify European imperialism, claiming it was their duty to 'civilize' indigenous populations?
A significant negative consequence of European imperialism for colonized peoples was:
What meeting in 1884-1885 established rules for European colonization and partition of Africa, without African representation?
The acronym MAIN is often used to describe the underlying causes of World War I. What does MAIN stand for?
What immediate event sparked the outbreak of World War I?
What new form of warfare characterized the Western Front during World War I, leading to a stalemate and high casualties?
Which treaty officially ended World War I and imposed heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany?
One of President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points called for the creation of an international organization to promote peace and prevent future wars. This organization was known as the:
The Age of Imperialism: Motives and Impacts
The late 19th and early 20th centuries witnessed an intensified period of European expansion into Africa and Asia, often referred to as the 'Age of New Imperialism.' Driven by economic, political, and social factors, European powers competed fiercely for control over vast territories, leading to profound transformations for both colonizers and colonized societies.
Document 1: Excerpt from "The White Man's Burden" (1899) by Rudyard Kipling Take up the White Man's burden— Send forth the best ye breed— Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild— Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child.
Document 2: Excerpt from the General Act of the Berlin Conference (1885) Article 34: Any Power which henceforth takes possession of a tract of land on the coasts of the African Continent, situated outside of its present possessions, or which, being hitherto without such possessions, shall acquire them, as also the Power which assumes a Protectorate there, shall accompany the respective act with a notification thereof, addressed to the other signatory Powers of the present Act, in order to enable them to protest, if there be any reasons for doing so.
Article 35: The signatory Powers of the present Act recognize the obligation to insure the establishment of authority in the regions occupied by them on the coasts of the African Continent sufficient to protect existing rights, and, as the case may be, freedom of trade and of transit under the conditions agreed upon.
Document 3: Political Cartoon: "The Rhodes Colossus" (1892) by Edward Linley Sambourne, Punch Magazine
Document 4: European Colonial Holdings in Africa, 1870 vs. 1914
| Year | % of Africa Controlled by European Powers |
|---|---|
| 1870 | 10% |
| 1914 | 90% |
(Source: Historical data compilation)
Document 5: Excerpt from "The Black Man's Burden" (1903) by Edward Morel It is the story of the Congo. It is the record of some ten millions of Africans done to death, for the most part, not by the bullet, but by the lash, starvation, exhaustion, and disease. It is the record of what human rapacity, unchecked, can achieve in the exploitation of helpless races. ...No matter how much the European may have gained, the African has lost everything.
Instructions: Carefully read the documents that follow and consider their diverse perspectives. Then, using evidence from at least three documents and your knowledge of global history, write a well-organized essay that addresses the following prompt:
Prompt: Analyze the various motivations behind European imperialism in Africa and evaluate its short-term and long-term impacts on both African societies and European powers.
Instructions: Choose ONE of the following essay prompts. Develop a clear argument that addresses the prompt and support your argument with specific historical evidence. Your essay should demonstrate a broad understanding of the historical period.
Prompt 1: Evaluate the extent to which Enlightenment ideas challenged existing political and social structures in France, leading to the French Revolution.
Instructions: Choose ONE of the following essay prompts. Develop a clear argument that addresses the prompt and support your argument with specific historical evidence. Your essay should demonstrate a broad understanding of the historical period.
Prompt 2: Analyze the primary causes of World War I, explaining how each contributed to the outbreak of the global conflict in 1914.