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This exam was created by a large language model. Please use it with caution, as inaccuracies may be present. Always verify critical information.

Which of the following describes the location of protons and neutrons in an atom?

Select one option

A. Protons in the nucleus, neutrons outside the nucleus

B. Both protons and neutrons in the nucleus

C. Neutrons in the nucleus, protons outside the nucleus

D. Both protons and neutrons orbiting the nucleus

An atom has 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 17 electrons. What is its mass number?

Select one option

A. 17

B. 18

C. 34

D. 35

Which subatomic particle has a negligible mass and a negative charge?

Select one option

A. Proton

B. Neutron

C. Electron

D. Nucleon

Which of the following elements has the largest atomic radius?

Select one option

A. Lithium (Li)

B. Sodium (Na)

C. Potassium (K)

D. Rubidium (Rb)

As you move from left to right across a period in the periodic table, what generally happens to the ionization energy?

Select one option

A. It decreases

B. It increases

C. It remains constant

D. It first decreases then increases

Elements in the same group of the periodic table typically have the same number of:

Select one option

A. Total electrons

B. Protons

C. Valence electrons

D. Neutrons

Which type of bond involves the transfer of electrons between atoms?

Select one option

A. Covalent bond

B. Ionic bond

C. Metallic bond

D. Hydrogen bond

What is the primary characteristic of a polar covalent bond?

Select one option

A. Equal sharing of electrons

B. Transfer of electrons

C. Unequal sharing of electrons

D. Formation of a sea of electrons

Which of the following compounds contains ionic bonds?

Select one option

A. $CO_{2}$

B. $H_{2}O$

C. $NaCl$

D. $CH_{4}$

10.

What is the molar mass of water ( $H_{2}O$ )? (Given: H = 1.01 g/mol, O = 16.00 g/mol)

Select one option

A. 17.01 g/mol

B. 18.02 g/mol

C. 34.02 g/mol

D. 36.04 g/mol

11.

How many moles of $CO_{2}$ are present in 44.0 g of $CO_{2}$ ? (Given: C = 12.01 g/mol, O = 16.00 g/mol)

Select one option

A. 0.50 mol

B. 1.00 mol

C. 2.00 mol

D. 44.0 mol

12.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen gas and oxygen gas to form water is:

Select one option

A. $H_{2} + O_{2} \to H_{2}O$

B. $2H_{2} + O_{2} \to 2H_{2}O$

C. $H_{2} + 2O_{2} \to H_{2}O$

D. $2H + O \to H_{2}O$

13.

What type of reaction is $AB \to A + B$ ?

Select one option

A. Synthesis

B. Decomposition

C. Single Displacement

D. Double Displacement

14.

Which of the following is an example of a combustion reaction?

Select one option

A. $HCl + NaOH \to NaCl + H_{2}O$

B. $2Mg + O_{2} \to 2MgO$

C. $AgNO_{3} + NaCl \to AgCl + NaNO_{3}$

D. $Zn + CuSO_{4} \to ZnSO_{4} + Cu$

15.

In the reaction $2Na + Cl_{2} \to 2NaCl$ , sodium (Na) is:

Select one option

A. Oxidized

B. Reduced

C. Neither oxidized nor reduced

D. The spectator ion

16.

Which of the following is a characteristic property of an acid?

Select one option

A. Feels slippery

B. Turns red litmus paper blue

C. Has a pH greater than 7

D. Reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas

17.

When an acid and a base react, they form a salt and water. This type of reaction is called:

Select one option

A. Precipitation

B. Neutralization

C. Combustion

D. Redox

18.

An isotope of an element has a different number of:

Select one option

A. Protons

B. Electrons

C. Neutrons

D. Atomic number

19.

Which group on the periodic table contains the most reactive non-metals?

Select one option

A. Group 1 (Alkali Metals)

B. Group 2 (Alkaline Earth Metals)

C. Group 17 (Halogens)

D. Group 18 (Noble Gases)

20.

Which statement best describes a metallic bond?

Select one option

A. Electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and a 'sea' of delocalized electrons

B. Sharing of electrons between two non-metal atoms

C. Transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal

D. Weak attraction between temporary dipoles

21.

What is the empirical formula for a compound that contains 40.0% carbon, 6.7% hydrogen, and 53.3% oxygen by mass?

Select one option

A. $C_{2}H_{4}O_{2}$

B. $CH_{2}O$

C. $C_{3}H_{6}O_{3}$

D. $C_{4}H_{8}O_{4}$

22.

The mole is a unit used to measure:

Select one option

A. Mass

B. Volume

C. Amount of substance

D. Temperature

23.

Consider the reaction between magnesium and oxygen to form magnesium oxide:

$2Mg(s) + O_{2}(g) \to 2MgO(s)$

If 10.0 g of magnesium reacts with 10.0 g of oxygen:

a) Determine the limiting reactant. b) Calculate the theoretical yield of magnesium oxide in grams. c) If 12.5 g of magnesium oxide are actually produced, what is the percent yield of the reaction?

Show all your calculations clearly. (Atomic masses: Mg = 24.31 g/mol, O = 16.00 g/mol)

24.

a) Explain why atomic radius generally decreases as you move across a period in the periodic table. b) Compare and contrast ionic and covalent bonds, providing one example of a compound for each. c) Draw the Lewis electron dot structure for $PCl_{3}$ (Phosphorus trichloride). Show all valence electrons and any lone pairs.

25.

Naturally occurring boron (B) has two stable isotopes: Boron-10 and Boron-11. Boron-10 has an atomic mass of 10.0129 amu and an abundance of 19.9%. Boron-11 has an atomic mass of 11.0093 amu and an abundance of 80.1%. Calculate the average atomic mass of boron. Show your work.

26.

For each of the following unbalanced chemical equations:

a) Balance the equation. b) Classify the type of reaction (e.g., synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, combustion).

Equations:

$NH_{3}(g) + O_{2}(g) \to NO(g) + H_{2}O(l)$
$C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}(s) + O_{2}(g) \to CO_{2}(g) + H_{2}O(l)$
$Fe(s) + CuSO_{4}(aq) \to Fe_{2}(SO_{4})_{3}(aq) + Cu(s)$

Lab Report Prompt

Investigating the Concentration of an Unknown Acid by Titration

You are provided with an unknown solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and a standard solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with a known concentration of 0.100 M. Your task is to determine the precise concentration of the unknown HCl solution using a titration technique. Phenolphthalein indicator is available.

Objective: To accurately determine the molar concentration of an unknown hydrochloric acid solution.

27.

a) Propose a detailed experimental procedure, including all necessary equipment and safety precautions.

28.

b) Identify the independent, dependent, and at least two controlled variables for this experiment.

29.

c) Describe hypothetical observations or data that you would collect, including how you would record the volumes.

30.

d) Outline the necessary calculations or data analysis steps required to determine the concentration of the unknown HCl.

31.

e) Explain how conclusions would be drawn from the results, and what sources of error might exist in this experiment.