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This exam was created by a large language model. Please use it with caution, as inaccuracies may be present. Always verify critical information.

Which of the following best defines matter?

Select one option

anything that has energy

anything that has mass and takes up space

anything that is alive

anything that can move

Which of the following is a physical property of matter?

Select one option

Flammability

Reactivity with acid

Boiling point

Ability to rust

Which of the following is a chemical property of matter?

Select one option

Density

Color

Melting point

Ability to react with oxygen

In which state of matter are particles tightly packed but still able to slide past each other?

Select one option

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Plasma

Which subatomic particle has no electric charge?

Select one option

Proton

Electron

Neutron

Ion

What does the atomic number of an element represent?

Select one option

The number of neutrons in an atom

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

The number of electrons in an atom

The number of protons in an atom

In a chemical reaction, what are reactants?

Select one option

Substances formed after a chemical reaction

Substances that speed up a reaction

Substances that are present before a chemical reaction

Substances that absorb heat

What does the Law of Conservation of Mass state?

Select one option

Mass can be converted into energy.

Mass is always destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction.

Mass increases during a physical change.

A chemical reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances is called a(n):

Select one option

Synthesis

Decomposition

Single-replacement

Double-replacement

10.

What is a force?

Select one option

The amount of matter in an object

The speed of an object

A push or a pull

The energy an object possesses

11.

Newton's First Law of Motion is also known as the Law of:

Select one option

Action-Reaction

Inertia

Acceleration

Conservation of Momentum

12.

What is the force that pulls all objects toward each other?

Select one option

Friction

Normal force

Tension

Gravity

13.

Which of the following best describes friction?

Select one option

A force that causes objects to accelerate upward

A force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact

A force that pulls objects towards the Earth's center

A force that pushes objects apart

14.

What is speed?

Select one option

Distance traveled per unit of time

Displacement per unit of time

Change in velocity per unit of time

The direction an object is moving

15.

How does velocity differ from speed?

Select one option

Velocity is always greater than speed.

Velocity is only for objects moving in a circle.

Velocity includes both speed and direction.

Speed is a vector quantity, while velocity is a scalar quantity.

16.

What is acceleration?

Select one option

The total distance an object travels

The rate at which an object changes position

Change in velocity per unit of time

The force acting on an object

17.

On a distance-time graph, what does a horizontal line indicate?

Select one option

The object is accelerating.

The object is moving at a constant speed.

The object is not moving.

The object is slowing down.

18.

Which of the following is an example of potential energy?

Select one option

A car moving down a road

A ball falling from a table

A stretched rubber band

Sound waves from a speaker

19.

Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy?

Select one option

A book on a shelf

A charged battery

A bicycle being ridden

Water behind a dam

20.

What does the Law of Conservation of Energy state?

Select one option

Energy can be created from matter.

Energy can be destroyed during friction.

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can change form.

Energy is always lost as heat.

21.

What is a simple machine?

Select one option

A complex electronic device

A device that creates energy

A device that makes work easier by changing the magnitude or direction of a force

A machine that converts heat into electricity

22.

When a candle burns, what energy transformation primarily occurs?

Select one option

Light energy to chemical energy

Heat energy to kinetic energy

Chemical energy to light and heat energy

Potential energy to kinetic energy

23.

A block of wood has a mass of $120 \text{ g}$ and a volume of $30 \text{ cm}^3$ . Calculate its density. Show your work.

24.

A car travels a distance of $450 \text{ meters}$ in $30 \text{ seconds}$ . What is its average speed? Show your work.

25.

A $10 \text{ kg}$ object is accelerating at a rate of $5 \text{ m/s}^2$ . What is the net force acting on the object? Use the formula $F = ma$ . Show your work.

26.

Briefly explain the difference between a physical change and a chemical change, providing one example for each.

27.

State Newton's Third Law of Motion and provide a real-world example.

28.

Describe the energy transformation that occurs when a typical incandescent light bulb is turned on.

29.

A student wants to investigate how different types of fertilizer affect the height of bean plants. Identify the independent and dependent variables in this experiment.

30.

Balance the following chemical equation: $\text{Na} + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow \text{NaCl}$

31.

Describe two ways to increase the mechanical advantage of a lever.

Distance-Time Graph

32.

Calculate the speed of the object during the first 2 seconds (0 to 2 seconds). Show your work.

33.

During which time interval was the object not moving?

34.

During which time interval was the object moving at a constant speed of $2.5 \text{ m/s}$ ?

Simple Atomic Model

35.

What part of the atom is represented by the central shaded circle (labeled A) in the diagram?

36.

What subatomic particles are represented by the small circles orbiting the center (labeled B)?

37.

Based on the diagram, what is the atomic number of this atom?

Roller Coaster Energy

Imagine a roller coaster car on a track. It is pulled to the top of the first, highest hill (Point A). From there, it is released and races down the hill, gaining speed. It then goes through a loop and up another smaller hill, eventually coming to a stop. Consider Point B to be the lowest point immediately after the first drop, and Point C to be the top of the second, smaller hill.

38.

At which point would the roller coaster car have its maximum gravitational potential energy?

39.

At which point would the roller coaster car have its maximum kinetic energy?

40.

Describe the main energy transformation that occurs as the roller coaster car moves from Point A (top of the first hill) to Point B (bottom of the first drop).

Experiment Design: Dissolving Tablets

A student wants to design an experiment to test the hypothesis: 'The temperature of water affects how quickly an effervescent tablet (like an antacid) dissolves.' They plan to use three identical cups, each with the same volume of water, but at different temperatures (cold, room temperature, hot). They will use identical effervescent tablets.

41.

Identify the independent variable in this experiment. (41)

42.

Identify the dependent variable in this experiment. (42)

43.

Describe one key step in the procedure for this experiment, focusing on data collection. (43)

44.

What is one important safety precaution to consider when conducting this experiment? (44)