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Which of the following best describes the primary goal of the Progressive Movement in the early 20th century?

Select one option

To promote isolationism in foreign policy.

To reduce the power of the federal government.

To address social problems caused by industrialization and urbanization.

To expand American imperialistic ambitions abroad.

Which muckraking novel exposed the unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry, leading to the passage of the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act?

Select one option

Jacob Riis's How the Other Half Lives

Ida Tarbell's The History of the Standard Oil Company

Lincoln Steffens's The Shame of the Cities

Upton Sinclair's The Jungle

The 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified during the Progressive Era, provided for which of the following?

Select one option

Women's suffrage

Prohibition of alcohol

Direct election of senators

Federal income tax

A key economic characteristic of the 1920s, often referred to as the 'Roaring Twenties,' was:

Select one option

A significant decline in industrial production.

Increased government regulation of businesses.

High unemployment rates across all sectors.

Increased consumer spending on new appliances and automobiles.

The Scopes Trial of 1925 is best remembered as a reflection of:

Select one option

The debate over America's role in international affairs.

The struggle for women's suffrage.

A clash between traditionalism and modernism.

The economic policies of isolationism.

The flowering of African American artistic and intellectual creativity in the 1920s, centered in New York City, is known as:

Select one option

The Great Migration

The Civil Rights Movement

The Harlem Renaissance

The Back-to-Africa Movement

Which pair of factors contributed most directly to the stock market crash of 1929 and the onset of the Great Depression?

Select one option

Government overregulation and high tariffs

Expansion of international trade and foreign debt

Overproduction and underconsumption

Lack of innovation and technological stagnation

President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal programs were often categorized into the 'Three Rs.' What do these 'Rs' stand for?

Select one option

Regulation, Rehabilitation, Rebuilding

Reconstruction, Redemption, Regulation

Relief, Recovery, Reform

Restoration, Responsibility, Representation

Which New Deal program established a national system of old-age insurance, unemployment compensation, and aid to families with dependent children?

Select one option

The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

The Public Works Administration (PWA)

The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

The Social Security Act

10.

During World War II, this executive order authorized the internment of Japanese Americans, regardless of their citizenship:

Select one option

The Lend-Lease Act

The Selective Service Act

Executive Order 8802

Executive Order 9066

11.

The purpose of the Lend-Lease Act, passed in 1941, was to:

Select one option

To officially declare war on the Axis powers.

To establish military bases in the Pacific.

To provide military aid to Allied nations without direct U.S. involvement in combat.

To create a new international peacekeeping organization.

12.

The iconic figure of 'Rosie the Riveter' symbolized which major change on the American home front during World War II?

Select one option

The rationing of consumer goods.

The increased production of agricultural products.

Women taking on roles in war industries.

The expansion of suburban housing developments.

13.

The foreign policy of 'containment,' adopted by the United States after World War II, was primarily aimed at:

Select one option

Promoting global economic free trade.

Establishing a worldwide democratic government.

Preventing the spread of communism.

Dismantling colonial empires.

14.

What was the main objective of the Marshall Plan, implemented by the U.S. after World War II?

Select one option

To establish military alliances against the Soviet Union.

To provide economic assistance to rebuild war-torn European economies.

To develop nuclear weapons technology.

To promote decolonization in Africa and Asia.

15.

Which Cold War event brought the United States and the Soviet Union to the brink of nuclear war in 1962?

Select one option

The Berlin Blockade

The Korean War

The Cuban Missile Crisis

The Vietnam War

16.

The Supreme Court's ruling in which 1954 case declared state-sponsored segregation in public schools unconstitutional?

Select one option

Plessy v. Ferguson

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Miranda v. Arizona

Brown v. Board of Education

17.

Martin Luther King Jr.'s philosophy for achieving civil rights was primarily based on the principles of:

Select one option

Armed self-defense

Black nationalism and separation

Nonviolent civil disobedience

Legal challenges through the court system only

18.

What was a major impact of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Select one option

It granted women the right to vote.

It established the federal income tax.

It outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

It ended the Vietnam War.

19.

Created during the Progressive Era, this institution was established to provide a more stable and flexible financial system for the United States.

Select one option

Securities and Exchange Commission

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

Federal Reserve System

Bureau of Economic Analysis

20.

A long-term effect of the New Deal on the United States government was:

Select one option

A significant reduction in federal bureaucracy.

The complete elimination of poverty in America.

The expansion of government's role in regulating the economy and providing social welfare.

A return to strict laissez-faire economic policies.

21.

President Eisenhower famously warned about the influence of the 'military-industrial complex' in his farewell address. This referred to:

Select one option

The increased spending on social programs.

The rapid growth of the military-industrial complex.

The decline of manufacturing jobs in the U.S.

The expansion of international trade agreements.

22.

The economic boom of the 1920s was largely fueled by new technologies and which two factors?

Select one option

Increased agricultural exports and foreign aid.

Strict government regulation and high tariffs.

Mass production techniques and consumer credit.

Reduced income taxes for all citizens and a balanced budget.

23.

The fear of communist infiltration in the United States, often associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy, was known as:

Select one option

The Great Migration

The New Frontier

The Red Scare

The Silent Majority

24.

Which environmental disaster exacerbated the economic hardships of the Great Depression for farmers in the Great Plains?

Select one option

The Great Chicago Fire

The Dust Bowl

The San Francisco Earthquake

The Johnstown Flood

25.

One significant long-term consequence of World War II was:

Select one option

The decline of the United States as a global power.

The establishment of the United Nations.

The end of the Cold War.

The return to isolationist foreign policy in the U.S.

Document-Based Question

Directions: The following question asks you to write an essay based on your analysis of the accompanying documents and your knowledge of U.S. history. This question requires you to demonstrate an understanding of the historical period by using the documents to support your argument.

Document 1: Franklin D. Roosevelt, First Inaugural Address (March 4, 1933)

“I am prepared under my constitutional duty to recommend the measures that a stricken nation in the midst of a stricken world may require. These measures, or such other measures as the Congress may build out of its experience and wisdom, I shall seek to bring to speedy adoption. But in the event that the Congress shall fail to take one of these two courses, and in the event that the national emergency is still critical, I shall not evade the clear course of duty that will then confront me. I shall ask the Congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis—broad Executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe.”

Document 2: Unemployment in the United States, 1929-1945

1929 1931 1933 1935 1937 1939 1941 1943 1945 Year

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% Unemployment Rate

Source: Historical Statistics of the United States, various editions.

Document 3: Excerpt from a Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Participant's Letter (1936)

“I am feeling very good and working hard. We get good food and a clean bed and plenty of clothes. I have gained 10 pounds since I came here. We are building roads and planting trees in the national parks. It’s hard work, but it feels good to be doing something useful. The money I send home helps my family a lot. This program has given me hope and a future when I had none.”

Document 4: Political Cartoon, "The Brain Trust" (1933)

The American People "Where are we going?"

26.

Using the documents and your knowledge of U.S. history, analyze how the role of the federal government in the lives of Americans changed in response to the crises of the Great Depression and World War II.

27.

Historians have offered various interpretations regarding the primary causes of the Cold War. Evaluate at least two of these differing historical interpretations, discussing the arguments and evidence used by proponents of each.

28.

Analyze the extent to which the economic policies of the New Deal successfully addressed the challenges of the Great Depression.

29.

To what extent did social and political activism in the United States from the Progressive Era through the Civil Rights Movement contribute to significant changes in American society?