Which Enlightenment philosopher advocated for the separation of powers in government to prevent tyranny?
The concept of 'natural rights,' including life, liberty, and property, was central to the philosophy of:
Voltaire was a leading figure of the Enlightenment who strongly supported:
Which of the following ideas is most closely associated with Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
The storming of the Bastille in 1789 is significant because it:
Which of the following was a primary cause of the French Revolution?
Maximilien Robespierre was a key figure during which phase of the French Revolution?
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was influenced by:
Which invention was crucial to the early stages of the Industrial Revolution, particularly in textile production?
A major social consequence of the Industrial Revolution was:
The factory system that emerged during the Industrial Revolution led to:
Which of the following was a key factor in Great Britain's early lead in the Industrial Revolution?
Which concept justified European imperialism by suggesting that stronger nations had a right to dominate weaker ones?
The 'Scramble for Africa' refers to:
What was a primary economic motive for imperialism during the late 19th century?
The Opium Wars were a conflict between Great Britain and China, primarily over:
Which of the following was a major cause of World War I?
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand immediately triggered World War I because:
Trench warfare was a defining characteristic of fighting on the Western Front during World War I, leading to:
The Treaty of Versailles, which ended World War I, primarily placed blame and reparations on:
Document-Based Question: The Scramble for Africa
Document 1: From a speech by Jules Ferry, French Premier, before the French Chamber of Deputies, March 28, 1884. "Nations are great in our days only by the activity which they develop; it is not by the peaceful shining of institutions... that they are great, but by the part they take in the general management of the world. ...To live, nations must expand... to export, there must be a market; to find markets, there must be colonies."
Document 2: From 'Heart of Darkness' by Joseph Conrad, 1899. "The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who have a different complexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look into it too much. What redeems it is the idea only. An idea at the back of it; not a sentimental pretence but an idea and an unselfish belief in the idea —something you can set up, and bow down before, and offer a sacrifice to..."
Document 3: Political Cartoon: 'The Rhodes Colossus' by Edward Linley Sambourne, Punch Magazine, 1892.
Document 4: Excerpt from Rudyard Kipling's poem 'The White Man's Burden,' 1899. "Take up the White Man’s burden— Send forth the best ye breed— Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives’ need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild— Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child."
Document 5: From the 'Proclamation of Maji Maji Rebellion,' German East Africa, 1905. "Our masters, the Germans, have forced us to cultivate cotton for them... They have introduced taxes which we cannot pay... Let us fight, we shall die well... We fight against the Germans, not against the Europeans because the British and Portuguese have nothing to do with us. We fight against them because they oppress us, and we wish to be free!"
Using the documents provided and your knowledge of history, analyze the motivations for European imperialism in Africa and its impact on both European powers and African societies from the late 19th to early 20th centuries. Be sure to incorporate information from at least four documents and relevant outside knowledge in your answer.