Emperor Justinian I is best known for his significant contributions to which of the following areas?
The Hagia Sophia, a magnificent architectural achievement, originally served primarily as a:
The Great Schism of 1054 refers to the permanent division between which two branches of Christianity?
Constantinople's strategic location contributed to the Byzantine Empire's success primarily because it:
Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Pillars of Islam?
The prophet Muhammad is considered by Muslims to be:
During the Islamic Golden Age, significant advancements were made in all of the following fields EXCEPT:
After the death of Prophet Muhammad, leadership of the Muslim community passed to a series of successors known as:
Feudalism in Medieval Europe was primarily a system that organized:
Manorialism was the economic system of Medieval Europe characterized by:
A significant long-term impact of the Crusades on Europe was:
The Black Death, which swept through Europe in the 14th century, led to:
During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church played a dominant role in Western Europe by:
Humanism, a key intellectual movement of the Renaissance, emphasized:
Which Renaissance artist is renowned for both the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper?
The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg had the most significant impact on:
Niccolò Machiavelli's political philosophy, as expressed in The Prince, primarily advised rulers to:
Martin Luther's primary reason for writing the 95 Theses was to protest against:
John Calvin's theological ideas, particularly his concept of predestination, had a significant impact on the development of which Protestant denomination?
The Catholic Reformation, or Counter-Reformation, aimed to:
Part 2: Long Essay Question
Directions: Answer the following question in a well-organized essay. Your essay should include a clear thesis statement, support your argument with specific historical evidence, and demonstrate your ability to analyze historical developments. You should draw upon knowledge from at least two of the following content areas: The Post-Classical Era (Byzantine/Islam), Medieval Europe, and the Renaissance/Reformation.
Compare and contrast the significant social and cultural changes that occurred in two distinct historical periods chosen from the list above between 500 CE and 1600 CE. You may consider the factors that led to these changes and their long-term impacts.
Part 3: Document-Based Question (DBQ)
Directions: This question asks you to analyze the ways in which the Black Death impacted European society and culture in the 14th century. Use your knowledge of the period and the information presented in the documents that follow to construct your answer.
Document 1: Giovanni Boccaccio, The Decameron (c. 1353) "I say, therefore, that the years of the salutiferous incarnation of the Son of God had reached the number of one thousand three hundred and forty-eight, when there came into the illustrious city of Florence, the most beautiful of all Italian cities, a deadly pestilence, which, whether by the operation of the heavenly bodies, or by the just wrath of God for our sins, had some years before shown itself in the East, and after having bereft these parts of an innumerable quantity of living beings, extended itself toward the West. Against it all the wisdom and all the foresight of humans appeared to avail nothing... Nor was it only in Florence that the said plague wrought such havoc, but in every town and country district it caused equal desolation..." Source: Giovanni Boccaccio, The Decameron, written in the aftermath of the Black Death.
Document 2: Account of Wages, England (1349) "Whereas late against the malice of servants, which were idle, and not willing to serve after the pestilence, without taking excessive wages, it was ordained by our said lord the King, with the assent of the Prelates, Earls, Barons, and other of his Council then assembled, that such manner of servants, as well men as women, should be bound to serve... and take only the wages, livery, reward, or salary which were accustomed to be given in the places where they serve, in the twentieth year of the reign of the King that now is, or five or six years before..." Source: Statute of Labourers, England, 1349.
Document 3: Jean de Venette, Chronicle (c. 1360) "In these days there was a great mortality of people in all parts of the world... And it began in India, and then in Tartary, and then among the Saracens, and then among the other infidels, and finally came to the Christians. And the mortality was so great that it is reckoned that a third part of all the people in the world died... There were also those who wandered about lamenting and howling, with tears and groans, believing that the end of the world was at hand, and others who, convinced of divine punishment, joined groups of flagellants, scourging themselves in public to atone for sins." Source: Jean de Venette, Chronicle, a contemporary French account.
Document 4: Image - "The Dance of Death" (Woodcut, c. 1493)
Document 5: A European Song (14th Century) "For our sins, the Lord our God Has sent us this pestilence. The world is changed for all people, Now there is no wealth, no honor. Neither king nor queen, neither lord nor lady, Neither priest nor clerk, neither squire nor knight, Neither citizen nor serf, No one can escape this death." Source: A Song of the Black Death (anonymous 14th-century European folk song).
Using the provided documents and your knowledge of world history, analyze the ways in which the Black Death impacted European society and culture in the 14th century.
According to Document 1, where did the plague originate and how did it reach Florence?
Based on Document 2, what was one significant economic problem that emerged after the pestilence, and how did the King attempt to address it?
What does Document 3 suggest about the geographical spread and the psychological/religious reactions to the Black Death?
What is the main message conveyed by the image in Document 4, 'The Dance of Death'?
How does Document 5 reinforce the message of Document 4 regarding the impact of the Black Death?
Identify one social effect of the Black Death mentioned in either Document 1 or Document 3.
Taken together, what do Documents 2 and 5 suggest about the social hierarchy or economic stability of Europe during and after the Black Death?
What is the primary purpose of Document 1?
What is the significance of the date of Document 4 (1493) in relation to the Black Death (14th century)?
Using information from all the documents and your own knowledge, identify one specific long-term impact of the Black Death on European society or culture.