Exam Center

AI-Generated Content

This exam was created by a large language model. Please use it with caution, as inaccuracies may be present. Always verify critical information.

Which organelle is responsible for generating most of the ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Select one option

A) Nucleus

B) Ribosome

C) Mitochondrion

D) Endoplasmic Reticulum

What is the primary difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?

Select one option

A) Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall, while eukaryotic cells do not.

B) Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

C) Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells.

D) Eukaryotic cells reproduce by binary fission, while prokaryotic cells reproduce by mitosis.

The cell membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it:

Select one option

A) Allows all substances to pass through freely.

B) Blocks all substances from entering or leaving the cell.

C) Regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell.

D) Only allows water to pass through.

Which of the following is found in plant cells but not animal cells?

Select one option

A) Mitochondria

B) Ribosomes

C) Chloroplasts

D) Cell membrane

What is the primary function of enzymes in biological reactions?

Select one option

A) To act as energy storage molecules.

B) To speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

C) To provide structural support to cells.

D) To carry genetic information.

Carbohydrates are primarily used by the body for:

Select one option

A) Genetic information storage.

B) Building muscle and tissues.

C) Immediate and stored energy.

D) Hormone production.

What are the basic building blocks of proteins?

Select one option

A) Monosaccharides

B) Fatty acids

C) Nucleotides

D) Amino acids

A DNA nucleotide is composed of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and what else?

Select one option

A) An amino acid

B) A fatty acid

C) A nitrogenous base

D) A glycerol molecule

A segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait is called a:

Select one option

A) Chromosome

B) Gene

C) Allele

D) Nucleotide

10.

In pea plants, tall (T) is dominant over short (t). If a heterozygous tall pea plant (Tt) is crossed with a short pea plant (tt), what percentage of the offspring are expected to be tall?

Select one option

A) 0%

B) 25%

C) 50%

D) 100%

11.

The observable physical characteristics of an organism, such as hair color or height, refer to its:

Select one option

A) Genotype

B) Phenotype

C) Allele

D) Chromosome

12.

What is the main purpose of meiosis?

Select one option

A) To produce two identical diploid cells.

B) To produce four genetically identical haploid cells.

C) To produce four genetically diverse haploid cells (gametes).

D) To repair damaged somatic cells.

13.

Which of the following are the primary raw materials required for photosynthesis?

Select one option

A) Glucose and oxygen

B) Carbon dioxide and water

C) Water and ATP

D) Oxygen and sunlight

14.

What are the main products of photosynthesis?

Select one option

A) Carbon dioxide and water

B) Glucose and oxygen

C) ATP and NADPH

D) Light energy and heat

15.

In eukaryotic cells, photosynthesis primarily occurs in which organelle?

Select one option

A) Mitochondria

B) Nucleus

C) Ribosomes

D) Chloroplasts

16.

What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Select one option

A) It transports water throughout the plant.

B) It breaks down glucose for energy.

C) It absorbs light energy.

D) It produces carbon dioxide.

17.

In eukaryotic cells, the majority of ATP produced during aerobic cellular respiration occurs in which organelle?

Select one option

A) Cytoplasm

B) Nucleus

C) Mitochondria

D) Chloroplasts

18.

What are the main products of aerobic cellular respiration?

Select one option

A) Glucose and oxygen

B) Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

C) Lactic acid and ATP

D) Ethanol and carbon dioxide

19.

What is a key difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Select one option

A) Aerobic respiration produces less ATP than anaerobic respiration.

B) Anaerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic respiration does not.

C) Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic respiration does not.

D) Aerobic respiration only occurs in plants, while anaerobic respiration occurs in animals.

20.

What is the direct energy currency molecule used by cells to perform work?

Select one option

A) Glucose

B) ADP

C) ATP

D) DNA

21.

Explain how the specialized structure of a red blood cell is related to its primary function in the body.

22.

In pea plants, tall (T) is dominant over short (t). A purebred tall pea plant is crossed with a purebred short pea plant. All F1 offspring are tall. If two F1 plants are crossed, describe the expected genotypes and phenotypes of the F2 generation. You may use a Punnett square to illustrate your answer. (Diagram/Punnett Square recommended for full credit)

23.

Compare and contrast the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, highlighting their key inputs, outputs, and energy transformations. Use LaTeX for chemical formulas, e.g., $H_{2}O$ .

24.

Design a simple experiment to investigate the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in an aquatic plant (e.g., Elodea). Include a hypothesis, independent variable, dependent variable, at least two controlled variables, and a brief outline of the procedure.

Experiment: Effect of Temperature on Catalase Activity

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of temperature on the activity of the enzyme catalase, which breaks down hydrogen peroxide ( $\mathrm{H_{2}O_{2}}$ ) into water and oxygen. In this experiment, five test tubes were prepared, each containing 5 mL of 3% $\mathrm{H_{2}O_{2}}$ solution. 1 mL of catalase solution was added to each test tube. The test tubes were then incubated at different temperatures for 10 minutes. The amount of oxygen produced was estimated by measuring the height of the foam (froth) produced in the test tube after 10 minutes. The results are shown in the table below:

Temperature (°C)	Froth Height (cm)
0	0.5
20	4.0
40	7.5
80	0.2

25.

a) Identify the independent and dependent variables in this experiment.

26.

b) Analyze the provided data. Describe the general trend observed regarding catalase activity and temperature.

27.

c) Based on the data, what conclusion can you draw about the optimal temperature for catalase activity? Explain your reasoning.

28.

d) Discuss two potential sources of error or limitations in this experimental setup.

29.

e) Propose one logical next step or improvement for this experiment to further investigate enzyme activity.