1.
Explain the basic idea behind the 'mark-and-sweep' algorithm in Java garbage collection, detailing both the 'mark' phase and the 'sweep' phase.
2.
Define what a 'stop-the-world' (STW) pause is in the context of Java garbage collection. Explain why these pauses occur and their impact on the running Java application.
3.
Describe how modern garbage collectors, specifically using G1GC as an example, attempt to minimize 'stop-the-world' pauses. Focus on key mechanisms like its region-based memory management, concurrent marking phases, and predictive pause time goals.